Owing to the continuous evolution of SARS-CoV-2 genome, the approach to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) will need to be continuously updated, as will be our knowledge of the biological, clinical and diagnostic aspects of this infectious pathology. Moreover, the ongoing development of new (bivalent) vaccines will contribute to make COVID-19 an endemic disease, thus leading the way to increasing our knowledge on the immune response (cellular, humoral, memory) to vaccination, to optimize and prioritize vaccine administration to those who need more.